This led us to consider new characteristics of measurement error of bladder scanners, and further studies on this are considered necessary. Moreover, the definition of significant post-void residual urine is unclear. In other words, we interpret the pattern that when residual urine volume in the bladder is small, myoma volume seemed to affect the volumes measured by the bladder scanner, but as the residual urine increased in volume, the impact of the myoma volume decreased. This pattern indicates that as real urine volume increased, the myoma volume was ignored by the bladder scanner. However, after infusing 200 mL and 400 mL of radiocontrast agent, the PVR volumes measured by the ultrasound bladder scanner were 460 mL and 470 mL, respectively. This indicates that the 270 mL myoma mass-related volume was measured in addition to 40 mL of real residual urine volume, and confirms the possibility that the 222 mL of the PVR volume measured when bladder urine volume was zero, was the myoma volume. 1 When of gradual onset, symptoms may include loss of bladder control, mild lower abdominal pain, and a weak urine stream. 1 When of sudden onset, symptoms include an inability to urinate and lower abdominal pain. In addition, after infusing 450 mL of radiocontrast agent to the bladder, 410 mL of urine was voided, but the bladder scanner measured 270 mL PVR volume. Urinary retention is an inability to completely empty the bladder. In those who can void, incomplete bladder emptying is diagnosed by postvoid catheterization or ultrasonography showing an elevated residual urine volume. As shown in Case 1 VCUG test results, when urine volume in the bladder is zero, the PVR volume measured by the bladder scanner was 222 mL, suggesting the possibility that uterine myoma was recognized as urine volume. Measurement of postvoid residual volume Diagnosis is obvious in patients who cannot void. However, in our study, the increasing urine volume was not proportional with the PVR volumes measured by the bladder scanner. One study has proven that the BioCon-500 ultrasound machine used in this study shows good accuracy, with no significant difference in PVR measured between BioCon-500 and urinary catheterization. We suspected some structural abnormality might be hindering complete catheter drainage of the residual urine, or that there might be some other underlying implication for the consistent error in the bladder scanner measurements for this patient.
Urinary retention post void residual portable#
On the other hand, the portable ultrasound bladder scanner volumetry did not show discrepancies in other patients. Interestingly, only 30–100 mL of PVR was consistently drained by catheterization, while the bladder scanner measured up to 300–450 mL. However, although the dosage was increased, PVR volume was constantly elevated, with no indications of any decrease. Medications such as cholinergic agents and alpha-blocker were administered. For patients with PVR volumes between 300–450 mL measured by the bladder scanner on initial several days, urethral catheterizations for emptying the bladder were performed immediately after the measurement. Complete emptying of the bladder with urethral catheterization was recommended when the PVR volume was over 100 mL. A portable ultrasound bladder scanner (BioCon-500 Mcube Technology, Seoul, Korea) measured the PVR volume within 30 minutes of voiding.
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